2023

• Bring legislation to ban female genital mutilation, religious leader writes to PM Modi

2022

• Campaigners Fear Girls Could Be Put At Risk Of FGM/C By Bohra Religious Leader’s UK Visit
  

2021

• Demystifying the practice of khafd in the Dawoodi Bohra community: A commentary on the WeSpeakOut report from India

2018

• Orchid Project: Bohra – Pakistan Fact Sheet
• Orchid Project: Bohra – India Fact Sheet
• A Secretive Sect Opens A Debate on Female Genital Mutilation
• I Spoke Out About My Private Trauma. My Community Didn’t Want To Listen
• Demystifying the practice of khafd in the Dawoodi Bohra community: A commentary on the WeSpeakOut report from India

2017

• The BMJ – Aarefa Johari: Why doctors need to speak out againt female genital cutting in India
• Female Genital Mutilation: The Revolting Obligation of Celebration
• World in Progress: Ending Female Genital Mutilation
• 82% Dawoodi Bohra Women Unlikely To Let Their Daughters Undergo FGC 
• 65% ignorant of what has been cut: Khatna Survey
• It scarred me for life: Dawoodi Bohra women speak out on the trauma of female genital cutting
• Growing mumurs against Female Genital Mutilation in India
• Voices of dissent against FGM ban grow
• I Underwent Genital Mutilation as a Child – Right Here in the United States
• Doctor’s arrest brings attention to US female circumcisions
• Bohra activist against female genital mutilation says veil of secrecy keeps women from speaking out
• We the Women: Horror of Female Genital Cutting
• Bohra women want an end to the practice of “female genital cutting”: Sahiyo report

2016 

• No More Female Genital Mutilation: Dawoodi Bohra Women Crusade
• The Secret is Out: Banning Female Genital Cutting in India
• India urged to ban FGM as women break silence on secret ritual
• 50 years on, Canada lawyer yet to get over her circumcision trauma
• Stop female circumcision, Dawoodi Bohra authorities tell community members in Australia
• After Australia, Bohras in London asked to stop practising female circumcision
• FGM: India’s Dark Secret
• Dawoodi Bohras in London Told to Stop Female Circumcision
• Cafe Dissensus: Female Genital Mutilation (Issue # 25)
• The Heart – Mariya Karimjee’s interview
• Rival Syedna denounces female genital mutilation, kindles hope
• Bohra men must speak up to save their daughters from female circumcision
• Bohra leader upholds female circumcision in countries where it is not banned
• Three sentences for female circumcision in Australia
• Australian verdict on FGM issue becomes talking point in city
• A rebellion inside a small Indian sect seeks to end a brutal custom: female genital mutilation
• The Economist prompts outrage as it backs ‘minor FGM’
• #GoodMuslimBadMuslim – Podcast discussing FGC in the Bohra Community
• Farzana Doctor Talks about FGC in Bohra Community From Canada 
• Battle Within Tiny Indian Muslim Sect on Circumcising Girls
• Only 1 in 10 who underwent FGM want it done on daughters
• Pulse: Cut ‘cutting’ in India
• Bohra Muslims are more vocal now, about ending FGC or ‘khatna’. Will things change?
• I oppose khatna because…
• Female Genital Cutting in India: Women and Men Come Together to Share Their Stories of Khatna
• Female genital mutilation: Muslim sect leader sent to jail in legal U-turn
• “Vacation Cutting” – A Terrible Misnomer for Female Genital Mutilation

2015

• Indian Women who are fighting to stop genital mutilation
• Damage by Mariya Karimjee
• Australia’s first female genital mutilation trial: how a bright young girl convinced a jury
• How a film on female circumcision in India is making people demand a ban on the practice.

2012

• Women Speak Out on Female Genital Mutilation in Australia

On June 6, 2016, Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin officially released a public statement to the press clarifying his stance on the issue of female genital cutting (khatna/khafz) in the Dawoodi Bohra community. 

Since February, several Bohra jamaats in countries like Australia, UK, USA and Canada – where female genital cutting is illegal – have issued resolution letters asking Bohras to follow the laws of the land and stop practicing khafz. According to Syedna’s statement, these resolution letters are still valid despite his sermon in Mumbai that seemed to indicate the contrary. (Read Sahiyo’s response to that sermon here.)

However, Syedna’s statement also categorically promotes khafz for Bohras in general:

“Male and female circumcision (called khatna and khafz respectively) are religious rites that have been practiced by Dawoodi Bohras throughout their history. Religious books, written over a thousand years ago, specify the requirements for both males and females as acts of religious purity. This religious obligation finds an echo in many other Muslim communities, particularly those following the Sunni Shafi’i school of thought.”

Here is Sahiyo’s official statement in response to Syedna’s stand on khatna:

“We thank Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin for officially and publicly speaking on the issue of female genital cutting, since there has been so much silence and confusion on this issue for so long. We are pleased to know that the resolutions issued in several cities around the world, asking Bohra residents to stop practicing khafz, still stand as valid. While we are pleased that the resolutions will continue to be issued in countries where female genital cutting is illegal, we are saddened to see that the Syedna’s statement clearly promotes the practice of khafz in countries where such laws are yet to be passed. We are one community, and we are disappointed that Bohra girls in some parts of the world are still expected to be cut. 

We maintain that khafz is a form of gender violence, an unnecessary ritual that has  left many Bohra girls and women with life-long psychological and physical scars. The World Health Organisation defines female genital cutting as ‘all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons’, and khafz clearly falls within that definition. Several conventions of the United Nations, including CEDAW, UNFPA, UNDP and Unicef have declared FGC to be a violation of human and child rights. Countries like India, even though they may not have a specific law against FGC, are signatories to these conventions.

We will continue our campaign to bring an end to this practice of khafz within the community. We urge our leader to engage with Bohra women who have been negatively impacted by this practice and pay heed to our voices.” 

Is circumcision really as harmless as it is made out to be?

We woke up to a sad news yesterday as a 17-year-old girl, Mayar Mohammad, died of severe bleeding caused by circumcision surgery in Suez, Egypt.

The practice of female circumcision or any form of female genital cutting (FGC) has been banned in Egypt since 2007 and this procedure was carried out illegally on Mayar in a private hospital.

Earlier in Egypt, a doctor’s license was revoked for killing a 13-year-old who died of similar circumstances due to a circumcision surgery. Even then the practice continues to exist, shifting more and more towards medical professionals carrying out FGC illegally.

While many people quip about the differences between circumcision and female genital cutting, these instances are a reminder of what the procedure could also lead to. A poignant reminder that circumcision within the Dawoodi Bohra community, too, is seen as a cultural imperative and that these days the practice is increasingly shifting to gynecologists who belong to the Bohra community and who believe that there is no harm in carrying it out on young girls.

"Often the practice of Khatna, Khafd  or Sunnat is brushed away, stating circumcision  (which also falls under the category of Type 1 FGC) to be incomparable with more severe forms of Female Genital Cutting commonly known to be practiced in Africa, although some African countries practice less severe forms too, depending on the ethnic tribe involved."

The community in Egypt is known to practice circumcision and not other severe forms of mutilation, but it is hard to say what must have been the extent of cut due to which Mayar lost her life. This also holds true with Khatna among the Dawoodi Bohras. Even though it is believed to be a small nick or cut, who can claim that the procedure might not lead to severe hemorrhaging? Or because of the child’s writhing one might cut off more than necessary by accident?

As Sahiyo, we feel extremely sad to hear about this development and want our audience to ask themselves the following questions:

• Can one be absolutely certain that while Khatna is performed, more than the supposed required amount of skin doesn’t get cut off by design or by default?

• Just because some communities have begun to medicalize the practice, does that mean khatna holds ground scientifically, particularly when the World Health Organization has come out against all form of FGC?

• Is it okay to violate a girl’s rights to her body without her consent?

This incident raises many more questions and we hope our readers will continue the dialogue on these issues, either by posting a comment or writing to us at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it..

Meanwhile, In a moving facebook post Mayar’s friend went on to blame the mother.

“Mayar died due to ignorance and backwardness of her mother, who regarded her daughter as guilty only because she was created a female,” Rawan Al Jamal, classmate of the victim, mourned her in a Facebook post.

Whether the mother is to be blamed or the doctor or the system which has made the practice mandatory; sadly Mayar no longer is alive.

Read more about the incident here.  Also read Daily Mail report here