Kristin received her Certification of Editing through the University of Washington. As an enthusiastic grammarian and dedicated feminist, she is passionate about elevating women’s voices through storytelling and communal dialogue. Kristin has spent many years as a genre-fiction specialist and intends to use her editorial skillset to assist Sahiyo’s mission of ending the practice of FGC.

When and how did you first get involved with Sahiyo?

I became involved with Sahiyo when I applied for the internship program after finishing my editing certification. And good thing I did, this program has undoubtedly changed the course of my life. 

What does your work with Sahiyo involve?

As an editorial intern with this organization, I guide volunteers through the blog publishing process. When a topic of interest arises, we reach out to interested volunteers and help them develop the narrative direction. It feels personal, intimate almost, given the nature of the work we do here at Sahiyo. I have also worked on proofreading the new website and expanded on Sahiyo’s existing Style Guide, a cool editing tool that we use to make our usage and spelling consistent–in the same way a baker might rely on a recipe. Overall, it’s a wonderful balance of personal connection and professional development. 

How has your involvement with Sahiyo impacted your life?

This is emotionally demanding work. Learning more about female genital cutting, article after article, interview after interview, project after project, is an act of extreme empathy. And while I will never know firsthand the trauma of what survivors have experienced, I can do the important work of providing community, of shaping dialogue, around this issue. It’s hard. It’s hard wading through the intense, irreversible suffering of others. I’ve been angry. I’ve cried. I’ve felt the foundations of my worldview shift. But the most important lesson I have learned from this experience is that discomfort is so profoundly necessary. I have always been the kind of person that doesn’t watch the news, doesn’t keep up on climate change or any other distressing issue because it hurts. It makes me feel powerless.

And this has been no different. I’ve wanted to turn away from this task. I’ve been able to turn away when I need to. And what a privilege that is. What a privilege to be able to set down these stories, to close the browser and shift my focus to lighter things. Reprieve is a gift. But survivors deserve more from me than that. They deserve to be heard. They deserve a world where violence and control over women’s bodies are things of the past. 

This job has forced me to be uncomfortable. To look. To listen. To hear. In ways that I did not know were possible before. I have gained a deeper resilience and respect for womanhood.

What words of wisdom would you like to share with others who may be interested in supporting Sahiyo and the movement against FGC?

Be uncomfortable. Listen to the story of your own emotional responses. When it hurts to hear, check your privilege and reflect. Survivors of this practice are not different from you. They may look different. They may live an ocean away (though many do not), but they deserve the same extension of humanity and kindness that you would wish to receive. So do the important work of listening, of funding, of opening yourself up to this tough task. Sahiyo is an enriching community of brave, courageous women and men working to remove a stain upon our global history, one that has lasted millennia. Being a part of that is so cool. You will find, I’m sure, no greater honor.

डियर मासी एक ऐसा कॉलम है, जिसमें सेक्स और रिश्तों के बारे में वह सब कुछ बताया गया है जो आप जानना तो चाहते हैं, लेकिन पूछने से डरते हैं! यह सहियो और वी  स्पीक आउट इन दो संगठनों ने मिलकर बनाया है। यह कॉलम उन लोगों के लिए है जिन्हें महिला जननांग काटने या खतना के बारे में सवाल है। यह कॉलम ख़तना कैसे हमारे शरीर, दिल, दिमाग, लैंगिकता और रिश्तों पर असर करता है इसके बारे में भी बात करता हैं। बोहरा समाज के सन्दर्भ में, माँ की बहन मासी हैं। आपके सवालों का हम स्वागत करते हैं। अपने सवाल बेझिझक यहाँ पर भेजिए। अपनी पेहचान गुप्त भी रख सक्ते हैं|

प्यारी मासी,

मैं 26 साल की हूँ और मेरी जिंदगी में तीन गहरे रिश्ते रहे हैं (दो लड़के और हाल ही में एक औरत के साथ)। मुझे आत्मीयता पसंद है, लेकिन पेनीट्रेशन (किसी भी चीज के साथ) से अक्सर दर्द होता है। मैंने कभी-कभी सेक्स से पूरी तरह परहेज किया है और इससे मेरे रिश्तों में तनाव पैदा हुआ है। जब मैंने एक डॉक्टर को दिखाया तो उन्होंने कहा था कि सब कुछ सामान्य है। लेकिन सच कहूँ तो मैं वाकई असामान्य महसूस करती हूँ। मेरा खतना हुआ था और मैं सोच रही हूँ कि क्या इसका मुझ पर कोई असर पड़ा है। लेकिन मुझे कुछ समझ में नहीं आ रहा है क्योंकि उन्होंने मेरे भगशेफ छत्र  (क्लिटोरल हुड) को काट दिया- उन्होंने मेरी योनि को नुकसान नहीं पहुँचाया, है ना?

—डरी हुई फ़ातेमा

प्यारी फ़ातेमा,

सबसे पहले - मैं चाहती हूँ आप यह जान लें कि आप जिस बारे में बात कर रहीं हैं वह कोई गैर-मामूली चीज नहीं है बल्कि एक मामूली-सी बात है। पेनीट्रेटिव सेक्स से दर्द होने के बहुत से कारण है। हार्मोन के कारण सूखापन, योनि में संक्रमण, चोट, और श्रोणी सूजन की बीमारी, फाइब्रॉइड्स या एंडोमेट्रियोसिस जैसे हालात की वजहों से यह हो सकता है।

दर्द के अन्य सामान्य कारण हैं - योनि का जकडन (पेनीट्रेशन पर योनि या श्रोणि तल की मांसपेशियों में ऐंठन या जकड़न होना) या वेस्टिबुलर वल्वाइटिस (योनि छेद के आसपास की नसों के आसपास सूजन)। इन्हें सदमे से जोड़ा जा सकता है। इस पर थोड़ा आगे और बात करेंगे।

मेरा सुझाव है कि आप दूसरे डॉक्टर से भी राय लें। बहुत सारे डॉक्टर लैंगिकता के बारे में बात करने से झिझकते हैं, और ठीक से जांच नहीं करते है। किसी ऐसे डॉक्टर की तलाश करें जिन्हें यौन मुश्किलात पे काम करने का तजुर्बा हो। इस मुद्दे को गहराई से समझने के लिए आप बॉडी पॉडकास्ट के एपिसोड वन को सुनने की मैं सिफ़ारिश करती हूँ।

जहाँ तक खतना और आपके दर्द के बारे में आपका सवाल है, तो खतना में योनि नहीं काटी जाती बल्कि भगशेफ छत्र (क्लिटरिअल हुड) और कभी-कभी भगशेफ (क्लिटरिस) को भी काटा जाता है। फिर भी, शोध से पता चला है कि यह काटने से  लैंगिकता पर असर हो सकता है: 2017 में किए गए सहियो सर्वे में, 35% जवाबदाताओं ने बताया कि खतना से उनके यौन जीवन पर असर हुआ था और उनमें से 87% ने महसूस किया कि यह असर बुरा था। 2018 के वी स्पीक आउट स्टडी में, तक़रीबन 33% जवाबदाताओं ने ऐसा ही कहा। मैं उनके कुछ हवालों को पढ़ने की सिफ़ारिश करती हूँ जो दर्द, ट्रिगर और सदमे को बयां करते हैं (पन्ने- 47 से 60 तक)। पढ़ने पर यह आपके अनुभव जैसे लग सकते है।

सदमा तकलीफ़देह घटना का नतीजा होता है। यह किसी बात का डटकर मुकाबला करने और तजुर्बे को समझने की हमारी क़ाबलियत पर असर डालता है। ज्यादातर सरवाईवर्स खतना को एक परेशान करने वाला, पेचीदा और दर्दनाक तजुर्बा बताते हैं। इसमें कभी-कभी इनकार, गैसलाइटिंग जैसी मनोवैज्ञानिक जोड़तोड़ या बड़े-बूढ़े, भरोसेमंद रिश्तेदारों का झूठ भी शामिल होता है।

मैं कहूँगी कि खतना एक सदमा ही होता है और वह उसकी व्याख्या में बैठता है। हमारा दिमाग और जिस्म सदमे को इस तरह से पकड़कर रख सकते हैं जो कभी-कभी परोक्ष या पेचीदा लगता है। मेरा मतलब समझने के लिए इस कॉमिक पर एक नज़र डालें। अब मेरी समझ में आता है कि खतना से हमारे बाहरी गुप्तांग (वल्वा) और योनि में तनाव हो सकता है। खतना ने आप पर इस तरह से असर किया है या नहीं यह समझने के लिए किसी ऐसे थेरेपिस्ट से बात करें जो सदमे पे स्पेशलिस्ट हो ।

फ़ातेमा, आप यह जानें कि इससे वापिस सेहतमंद और ठीक होना मुमकिन है। आपको ख़ुशी से भरपूर यौन जिंदगी का हक़ है! —मासी

मासी उर्फ फ़रज़ाना डॉक्टर के बारे में

फ़रज़ाना एक उपन्यास लेखिका हैं और मनोचिकित्सक की प्राइवेट प्रैक्टिस करती हैं। वह WeSpeakOut और End FGM/C कनाडा नेटवर्क की संस्थापक सदस्य हैं। वह रिश्तों और लैंगिकता के बारे में बात करना पसंद करती है! www.farzanadoctor.com पर उनके बारे में और मालूमात करें।

दाऊदी बोहरा समुदाय के बारे में औरतों के रिश्तों, लैंगिकता, बेवफाई और खतना पर चर्चा करने वाला उनका नया नावेल, सेवन ऑर्डर  करें।

अस्वीकरण: फ़रज़ाना अच्छी सलाह जरुर देती है, लेकिन यह कॉलम हर किसी के निजी सवालों पर बात नहीं करता है और इसे पेशेवर चिकित्सा या मनोवैज्ञानिक देखभाल के विकल्प के रूप में इस्तेमाल नहीं किया जाना चाहिए।

Read the Gujarati translation here, and the English translation here.

Event: Sahiyo Discusses: A Fractured Life by Shabnam Samuel 

Date: February 6th, 2022

Tme: 10 am EST

Registration Link: https://bit.ly/SahiyoDiscusses  

Sahiyo invites you to join the second iteration of Sahiyo Discusses!

Designed to bring people together through literature, art, and media, Sahiyo Discusses hosts quarterly meetings with activists and allies in Sahiyo’s network to discuss a  chosen piece of media. With themes including feminism, equality, bodily autonomy, women-centered movements, and sexual empowerment, this club will focus on uplifting the stories and experiences of women everywhere.  

On February 6th, 2022 the group will meet virtually for Sahiyo Discusses: A Fractured Life by Shabnam Samuel. Shabnam Samuel is a writer, coach, social media trainer, and the founder of the Panchgani Writers’ Retreat, an international writing retreat based out of Panchgani, India. 

Her memoir, A Fractured Life, explores her life growing up in 1960s India after being abandoned by her parents. 

In her own words, Shabnam says; “We come from a Culture of Silence. A culture that along the way has shrouded us with this cloud of clear demarcations that all things good are only told to the outside world and all things bad are kept inside your own world. For women, this is doubly true. We are supposed to be the strength, the keeper of secrets, and the face of acceptance. It does not matter that some of us crumble inside. This needs to change. I know my story is not unique. I know there are so many of us out there. In writing my memoir, I want the world to know that silence should not be a part of our culture; I want young girls of today and women of yesterday to know that we all have a reason to exist. We all have the right to exist and no one should ever take that away from you in the name of culture, family name, kids, spouses or any other reason. So I write to prove that I exist.”

Sahiyo Discusses members will have the opportunity to discuss this book with Shabnam and ask pertinent questions.

Admission to Sahiyo Discusses is based on a suggested minimum donation of $25.00 USD per event. 

Donors who contribute $200 or more will have access to Sahiyo Discusses events for a full calendar year.  

If you or anyone in your network is interested in joining us please register and donate here: https://bit.ly/SahiyoDiscusses

Thank you all for your continued dedication to Sahiyo’s mission, and we look forward to seeing you all there! 

In Her Own Words: Shabnam Samuel’s Full Bio

Shabnam Samuel is an author and a motivational speaker and heads an Enterprise called Social Lite House, LLC, based out of Washington DC. Through SLH LLC, we reach out to the underprivileged, just not in economic spheres but also to those women, who voices have been silenced.  

Shabnam is an award winning author of her memoir called A Fractured Life, which was published in the USA in 2018. At the age of 57, after decades of silence, Shabnam found her voice and her strength through the writing of her book.  Today, Shabnam reaches out through her talks, seminars and workshops to those  who need to come out of their own shadows and find themselves.

Creative Corporate Workshops is where Shabnam spends her time teaching writing and structure to various organizations. Shabnam is also the founder of the Panchgani Writers’ Retreat, an international writing retreat based out of Panchgani, India. The retreat incorporates mindful living along with creativity and wellness following Ayurveda principles, with yoga, meditation and writing workshops.

Shabnam is studying to be an Ayurveda practitioner at the Kerala Ayurveda Academy in Kerala, India 

Shabnam hosts a local TV show called Dew Drops and Words that broadcasts to 6.1 million viewers on the WJAL LATV network in the Washington DC area. You can find her on YouTube under the name “Dew Drops and Words.''

When she is not doing any of the above you can find her cycling somewhere in the suburbs of Washington DC which she has called home for the last 34 years.

On January 20th at 4:30 IST, Sahiyo will host a webinar titled ‘How to Stop The Rising Trend of Medicalisation of Female Genital Cutting in Asia,’ featuring a panel discussion with medical experts and gender rights activists from India and Singapore who specialise in sexual and reproductive health. The medicalisation of female genital cutting (FGC) is an increasing issue in a number of Asian countries; a stark lack of legislation concerning the practice has contributed to a medical normalisation of FGC. Our panelists will explore medical perspectives about medicalisation and the current ethical debate surrounding this phenomenon, as well as touching upon the safety concerns and question of consent that underpins much of the controversy. Sahiyo is unwaveringly opposed to medical professionals performing FGC, as we believe it sets an alarming precedent of normalising the practice; we are keen to stress that there are no safe ways to cut a girl’s genitals, and therefore medicalisation is an important issue to address in the work against FGC.

During this webinar, we will bring a diverse variety of voices to the panel to discuss the different elements of medicalising FGC, offering their own expert reasons for, and the dangers of, this increasing medicalisation. Our goal is to create a platform to explore the complexities of the shift towards the medicalisation of FGC across the world and to dispel the myth that it is a harmless way to perform the practice. In line with Sahiyo’s mission for women and girls to have autonomy over their body, standing firmly against the medicalization of FGC re-affirms a woman's right to have control over her body and live her life free of harm.  

If you’re interested in joining our webinar, please see more information and sign up here.

On November 17th, Sahiyo hosted part two of the ‘Moving Towards Sexual Pleasure and Emotional Healing After Female Genital Cutting’ webinar. Two specialist speakers helped to lead the webinar: Haddi Ceesey, a health educator on sexual and reproductive health, and Nazneen Vasi, an expert in physical and pelvic floor therapy. 

Nazneen began by asking the audience what the pelvic floor is and then explaining it comprises the external female genitalia. I was shocked to realise I wouldn’t have been able to answer if someone had asked me this question. The comprehensive detail that Nazneen went into very effectively emphasised how little we as women are taught about our own bodies. She also emphasized how important it is to understand the workings of the female body to fully appreciate how trauma is physically reflected in the body. Nazneen described how trauma to the pelvis, for example, can present as sexual pain, incontinence, or loss of organ support, which can result in prolapse. Female genital cutting (FGC) specifically can cause pelvic floor dysfunction, which presents as pelvic pain, weakened muscles, and constipation, among other things. It felt very important to learn about such specific consequences of FGC, in order to start grasping the suffering of so many women. 

The importance of advocating for our own public health was subsequently expressed, especially as there are so few healthcare practitioners who are trained specifically in the support system of the pelvic floor. It seemed to provide further evidence for the erasure of women in medicine and healthcare; when male bodies are seen as the universal norm, their symptoms and side effects are often automatically applied to all, and their female counterparts’ symptoms and side effects are all too often disregarded. This inequitable norm provides all the more reason to prioritise your own health, especially as a survivor, in order to move forward and reclaim one’s own body. You can read more about Nazneen’s work and Pelvic Floor Therapy in relation to FGC here. 

Haddi explored this journey to healing further, discussing general wellbeing and how FGC has been found to directly impact mental health, especially in young people. The physical problems resulting from  FGC, such as pregnancy complications, period pains or poor sexual health, inevitably lead to a worsened quality of wellbeing; FGC survivors have often cited anxiety, stress and fear concerning sex and intimacy. When speaking to mothers, Haddi found that their concerns about sex stemmed from a fear of potential complications they would face having more children, based upon their previous difficult childbirths. Interestingly, many of the women surveyed wouldn’t even directly address sex; they would instead talk about marriage and let the rest be inferred. 

I thought that this very effectively highlighted a significant part of the problem as to why FGC still occurs – it is inevitably much more difficult to address this gender-based violence if practicing communities see sex and sexuality as a taboo, or as something private or shameful. It makes it a lot harder for survivors to be open about their sexual struggles stemming from FGC, or to get support in overcoming these issues.

Haddi concluded her part of the webinar on a constructive note, focusing on how survivors can move forward in intimate relationships; she suggested increasing conversations about intimacy and pleasure within sexual partnerships, as well as with other survivors. Haddi explained that these women can learn a lot from each other alongside providing support. Additionally, it is clear that there is not nearly enough comprehensive legislation on FGC, and that it must include education and resources to help survivors live healthy and fulfilled reproductive and sexual lives. Finally, Haddi encouraged survivors to spend time with themselves and their partner, to explore their bodies and find different erogenous zones. There are also some very exciting developments currently in clitoral reconstruction and restoration, which specifically puts emphasis on regaining pleasure.

Overall, I found the talk to be very positive and empowering. Both speakers went into important detail about the physical and psychological consequences that FGC can have on sexual and reproductive health, and both gave expert advice and multiple different methods to help survivors start to regain their sexuality. 

Watch the full event here. 

Read the transcript here. 

Watch Moving Towards Sexual Pleasure and Emotional Healing After Female Genital Cutting Part 1 here. 

Nesha Abiraj is an International Human Rights Lawyer. She is currently a contracted Senior Specialist in Advocacy and Policy, Humanitarian Affairs, with Save the Children International in Washington, DC. She also serves as an Advocacy Lead for UNICEF USA UNITE. Nesha has worked on global human rights policies related to the rights of women and children and global health and human rights. Notably, she worked on infectious diseases law and policy in India, China, and the United States. She has also done over a decade of humanitarian service in the aftermath of natural disasters and recently in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic in the Caribbean and the United States with local and international NGOs including the Red Cross.

Can you tell us a bit about your background?

I pursued my law degree with the University of London and did the Solicitor's Bar with Staffordshire University, in the UK. I was admitted to practice as a Barrister in Trinidad and Tobago on June 18th, 2009.

In 2016, following the media coverage of the chemical attacks in Syria led me to a course on refugees and asylum seekers, created by Amnesty International, which changed my life. After successful completion of the course, I knew I had to go even further if I truly wanted to make a difference. This led me to taking a huge leap.

I had my own successful private legal practice, which I worked for 8 years to build, and yet I was ready to give it all up to pursue what felt like a higher purpose for me. I applied and was accepted to Northwestern University where I successfully completed my Masters of Law in International Human Rights.

I became the first person originally from Trinidad & Tobago to be accepted into that program. It also led to me becoming the first person from Trinidad & Tobago to be awarded the Schuette fellowship in Global Health and Human Rights, which I pursued and completed with the Women's Rights Division at Human Rights Watch.

My work during the fellowship also led to me becoming the first researcher at Human Rights Watch to be awarded the Citation of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for my tireless work to protect the children of the Commonwealth from early, forced, and child marriages.

When did you first get involved with Sahiyo and what opportunities have you been involved in?

I first became involved with Sahiyo in 2018. During my fellowship I was tasked with working to end early, forced, and child marriage in the US state of Massachusetts. Part of that work involved understanding the linkages and driving forces behind child marriage, one of which included female genital cutting (FGC). To that end, I decided to reach out to an advocate in Massachusetts to determine whether this practice was linked in any way to early, forced and child marriages in the US.

In that meeting, I had no idea I was about to be introduced to someone who had been subjected to the practice as a child. In that moment, the gravity of FGC and the risk posed to millions of girls like her felt so much more real, and I knew I had to do something about it.

National outrage had also sparked following a Michigan court's ruling, acquitting a doctor who had performed FGC on a child. If I had left that conversation and did nothing, knowing the risk millions of children, especially girls, face, and knowing that the law was not even on the side of survivors or those at risk, then I would be betraying my own sense of justice/morality.

I continued to educate myself about FGC and did as much as I could with the platform I had to amplify survivor voices and the growing call to ban the practice. I attended most if not all of Sahiyo's webinars. I also enrolled and successfully completed a women's health and human rights course created by Stanford University, which included FGC. In 2020 I went on to participate in the Voice's project and was most recently appointed to the US Advisory Board.

How has your involvement impacted your life? 

I gained a family of "sahiyos" or "sisters" relentlessly pursuing a far better world for children everywhere, through the elimination of this internationally recognized human rights abuse, which harms women and girls and can result in death. Anything I do with Sahiyo brings both meaning and fulfillment to my life and I am exceptionally grateful to be a part of this family.

What pieces of wisdom would you share with new volunteers or community members who are interested in supporting Sahiyo?

Oftentimes, we think we need to do really big things which attract recognition to create an impact, but the biggest impact you will make in this life really comes from the things that are often not reported on or written about. I never asked for any of the things that were awarded to me nor did I ever ask to be the first of anything. Everything I have ever done in my life was honestly because I refused to be a bystander in the face of injustice and I cared enough to do something about it. 

In 2018, on a field research trip focused on infectious diseases law and policy in India, I had a focused group discussion with a group of women in India who were survivors of tuberculosis. While I can speak some Hindi and I do understand it, for these purposes a translator was needed.

These women shared the shame, the stigma and discrimination they experienced by their families on account of their diagnosis, ranging from being denied access to their children and being treated as outcasts in their own homes, to being sent back to their families by their in-laws, who in some cases did not want them.

At the end of the discussion, even through the language barrier, I went to thank these women for their courage and willingness to share their experiences, and it turned into hugs all around the room. For the first time, these women shared how much that human touch of an embrace meant to them of not being feared, scorned, shamed or stigmatized. I understood then and there what a survivor-centered approach means.

The end result of that experience was that these women became leaders in their communities and were now supporting other women like them, so that others would not have to face the same adversities. It is moments like this, which makes all the other challenges that you will face, worth it. It does not matter whether it becomes a news headline or whether it leads to recognition, what matters are the survivors and those at risk and knowing in touching just one life in the pursuit of justice, it might have helped change an entire community for the better. It is these ripple effects which ultimately generate the big wave of change. Just as working with these survivors cast a light on the best parts of our shared humanity, working with Sahiyo can do the same for you.

This is part two of the ‘Scenarios by Sahiyo’ series, created by Kamakshi Arora and Beth Fotheringham. The story follows Zoeb, as he realizes that his sister, Zara, is a survivor of female genital cutting. This devastating realization conveys the complete removal of men and boys from the female-led practice, depicting the extent to which it is hidden in such communities. Through giving Zara an opportunity to voice her experience and listening with respect and understanding, Zoeb shows how communication is possible, as well as necessary, with their ensuing conversation providing an effective example of breaking down barriers between men and women.

Read Scenarios by Sahiyo Part 1 here.

By: Cate Cox

In the fall of my junior year at university, I decided to take a course called “Human Rights and Global Literature.” In this class, we explored diverse kinds of literature that called into question different conceptions of human rights, including works by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor, Tadeusz Borowski, Vaddey Ratner, Farnoosh Moshiri, and Eka Kurniawan. When the professor announced that our final project was to create a Zine that explored a human rights issue important to us, I immediately knew what I wanted to do. 

According to the World Health Organization, female genital cutting (FGC) is a human rights violation and a severe form of violence against women and girls. After nearly two years of working with Sahiyo, I wanted my Zine to focus on FGC. A complex human rights issue that is often forgotten about in the United States, I hoped to create a Zine that would help raise awareness about FGC in America, and highlight the global prevalence of this form of gender-based violence.

I decided to title my Zine Who? to reflect the many misconceptions that affect who we think FGC occurs to. I wanted to dismiss some of the misconceptions around FGC that assert it is only practiced in certain communities and in certain places. Given that my audience would mainly be my fellow classmates, I particularly wanted to focus on the prevalence of FGC in the United States. I included statistics such as the CDC estimate of women and girls affected by FGC in the U.S., and the many legislative delays in outlawing the practice. 

The hardest part of creating this Zine was deciding on what images I wanted to draw to accompany my writing. While working at Sahiyo, I have become increasingly aware of the ways in which violent and graphic imagery about FGC can re-traumatize survivors and stigmatize communities. Before I began to draw, I sat down with the Sahiyo Media Guide on Reporting on FGC; this was extremely helpful for thinking through the kinds of images I could draw to represent the harm FGC causes in a way that was also ethical and respectful to survivors' experiences. 

After many edits and scrapped designs exploring the harms of FGC and who it occurs to, I still wasn't quite satisfied. I explored the many consequences of FGC, and realized that I didn’t only want my Zine to highlight the harms of FGC. I wanted to provide my audience with ways to get involved in the world to end FGC and motivate people to become involved in the issue. I decided to end my Zine with a reminder that, while it may seem difficult, ending FGC is possible if we are all involved. 

The process of creating this Zine was a very enlightening experience that allowed me to think through both ethical reporting on this issue, as well as how to motivate people to become involved in the crucial work to end female genital cutting. 

Read Who? Female Genital Cutting (FGC) around the world.